Крипто-глоссарий

An ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) is a specialized computer chip designed for a specific task.

ASIC Boost is an optimization technique for Bitcoin mining that enhances efficiency by leveraging the modular structure of block hashes.

ASIC Resistance refers to measures aimed at preventing ASIC miners from dominating a blockchain network, promoting decentralization.

Altcoin refers to all cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin.

Blind Merge Mining allows miners to mine multiple cryptocurrencies simultaneously without exposing their primary operations.

A block is a unit of data on a blockchain that contains transactions, a nonce, and a reference to the previous block.

A block header contains metadata for a Bitcoin block, including its height, hash, timestamp, and Merkle root.

Block height is the count of blocks preceding a particular block in the blockchain, starting from the genesis block.

Block reward is the incentive miners receive for solving a block.

Block size refers to the amount of data that a block can contain, measured in bytes.

Block subsidy is the total compensation miners receive from a block, combining the block reward and transaction fees.

Block time is the average time taken to mine a new block.

A Block Withholding Attack occurs when miners send fake hash contributions to harm the productivity of another mining pool.

A blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions securely and immutably, using consensus mechanisms to validate entries.

CGMiner is an open-source software for ASIC mining, previously a standard in the mining industry.

A CPU is a central processing unit that handles general-purpose computing tasks.

Centralization occurs when control of a network or resource is concentrated in a few hands.

Chips are the semiconductor components in ASICs, crucial for mining efficiency.

Cloud hosting allows individuals to own mining hardware hosted at a remote facility.

Cloud mining enables users to rent hashrate from mining farms without owning physical equipment.

Computational power is the processing speed at which a device can perform calculations, often measured in hashes per second.

Confirmation is the process of verifying and finalizing transactions on a blockchain.

A consensus method is a protocol by which blockchain participants agree on the validity of transactions and the state of the ledger.

A controllable load resource consumes significant energy but can be turned off during peak grid demand.

Crypto is a shorthand term for cryptocurrency.

A crypto coin is a unit of digital currency used for transactions and value transfer.

Cryptocurrency is a decentralized digital currency secured by cryptography and operated on a blockchain network.

Cryptography involves secure methods for encoding and decoding data to protect information during transmission.

Decentralization distributes data and control across a network, reducing reliance on a central authority.

A decentralized exchange (DEX) is a trading platform for cryptocurrencies without central intermediaries.

A desktop wallet is software installed on a computer to manage cryptocurrency holdings.

Difficulty adjustment recalibrates mining complexity every X blocks to maintain a consistent block time.

Double spend is an attempt to use the same cryptocurrency coin more than once on a blockchain.

Periods when an ASIC miner is non-operational, potentially due to maintenance, power outages, or hardware issues, impacting profitability.

Efficiency measures how effectively a mining device converts energy into hashrate.

Efficiency delta compares the reported hashrate of a miner to the hashrate reported by its pool.

An epoch is a life cycle marked by halving events (4 years cycle for Bitcoin).

FOMO refers to the fear of missing out on potential opportunities, common in cryptocurrency markets.

An FPGA is a flexible computing device used for mining different algorithms, albeit less efficient than ASICs.

FPPS compensates miners based on their contribution to mining pool activities, including transaction fees and block rewards.

Financing rate is the annual interest miners pay for equipment or operational loans.

Firmware is software embedded in hardware devices to enhance functionality.

Custom firmware developed by third parties to unlock advanced features or optimize ASIC performance beyond the manufacturer's default settings.

A GPU is a graphics processing unit used for mining altcoins and other applications.

HODL refers to holding cryptocurrencies long-term rather than selling them.

HPC involves high-performance computing tasks unrelated to cryptocurrency mining.

Halving reduces mining rewards (by half approximately every four years for Bitcoin).

A hard fork creates a divergence in blockchain protocols, resulting in separate blockchains.

A hardware wallet is a physical device for securely storing cryptocurrency private keys.

A hash is the output of a cryptographic function, representing proof of mining work.

A hash exchange facilitates trading between miners and buyers of computational power.

Hash wars occur when competing miners direct hashrate to different blockchains to establish dominance.

HashFi is a Telegram group discussing hashrate-based financial instruments.

Hashprice is the value of computational power for mining measured in cryptocurrency terms.

Hashrate measures a device's computational power in completing cryptographic operations.

Platforms that allow miners to buy or sell computational power (hashrate) without owning physical mining equipment, such as NiceHash.

Hashrate under management refers to the hashrate a pool, colocation, or group controls.

Hosted mining outsources ASIC operation and hosting to a third-party facility.

A hostname identifies a device on a network for communication purposes.

An IP address uniquely identifies devices on a network for communication.

IP Reporter is software displaying a computer's network IP address.

A cooling technology where ASIC miners are submerged in a non-conductive liquid to dissipate heat more effectively than traditional air cooling.

Institutions refer to large companies participating in cryptocurrency mining.

kWh measures energy consumption over one hour in kilowatts.

Strategies for ensuring the longevity and profitability of mining hardware, including regular updates, repairs, and upgrades.

Luck in mining refers to the statistical probability of solving a block.

MEV is the value miners extract from transaction ordering or arbitrage within blocks.

A business model where companies provide full-service mining operations for clients, from equipment procurement to maintenance.

Machine slide describes miners selling equipment to operators with lower costs when profitability declines.

Mainchain miners focus on securing a cryptocurrency's primary blockchain.

Management software oversees mining operations, including monitoring and configuration.

Market capitalization measures a cryptocurrency's total value as price multiplied by circulating supply.

The mempool temporarily holds unconfirmed transactions waiting for inclusion in blocks.

Merged mining allows miners to work on multiple blockchains simultaneously with shared hashrate.

A Merkle tree reduces block size by organizing transaction data hierarchically.

A minable coin is earned through mining as a reward for solving blockchain algorithms.

A miner refers to a device or individual performing cryptocurrency mining.

Mining involves validating blockchain transactions and earning cryptocurrency rewards.

A mining algorithm specifies the cryptographic process for a cryptocurrency.

A mining calculator estimates mining profitability based on inputs like power cost and hashrate.

Mining difficulty adjusts to maintain consistent block times as network participation changes.

Mining hardware includes devices like ASICs, GPUs, and CPUs for blockchain mining.

A mining pool combines individual miners' power to increase the chance of solving blocks.

Mining rewards are incentives, including block rewards and transaction fees, for validating blockchain transactions.

A mining rig is a collection of hardware devices optimized for mining.

Mining software controls hardware performance and provides operational statistics.

MoQ is the minimum order quantity of ASICs a buyer can purchase from a supplier.

Mobile units are portable containers housing mining equipment for remote operations.

A mobile wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet app for smartphones.

NFTs are unique digital assets representing ownership of items like art or collectibles on a blockchain.

New-Gen refers to the latest ASIC models with improved efficiency.

A node is a participant in a blockchain network that verifies transactions and maintains the ledger.

A nonce is a variable in a Bitcoin block that miners adjust to meet hashing requirements.

Off-grid mining uses independent energy sources, bypassing the main electricity grid.

Orphan blocks are mined but excluded from the main blockchain due to network delays.

Overclocking increases an ASIC's performance by raising voltage and hashrate.

Potential issues caused by increasing the performance of an ASIC miner beyond its rated specifications, such as overheating or reduced lifespan.

POS, or Proof of Stake, is a consensus method selecting validators based on staked coins.

PPLNS rewards miners based on the number of shares contributed to the last N shares.

PPS is a mining pool payout method compensating based on contributed hashrate.

A PSU provides power to ASICs and may be external or integrated.

Payback period is the time it takes for mining hardware to generate revenue equal to its cost.

PoW is a consensus method using computational work to validate blockchain transactions.

Power rate is the cost of electricity used in mining, measured per kilowatt-hour.

A private key secures access to a wallet and its funds, requiring careful protection.

Profit switching optimizes mining profitability by switching between blockchains.

Prop mining refers to self-hosted mining with complete ownership of infrastructure.

A proxy pool forwards hashrate to another pool with block-mining capabilities.

A public key is a shareable address for receiving cryptocurrency in a wallet.

ROI in mining refers to the time to recover equipment costs through earnings.

A rig is a colloquial term for a cryptocurrency mining device or setup.

SHA-256 is the hashing algorithm used by Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies.

Sharding divides a blockchain into smaller segments (shards) to improve scalability.

Sidechain miners focus on secondary blockchains connected to the main chain.

A soft fork updates blockchain protocols while maintaining compatibility with old rules.

Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies pegged to assets like fiat currencies for price stability.

A stale block is mined simultaneously with another but excluded from the main chain.

Stranded gas is unused gas repurposed for Bitcoin mining instead of flaring.

Stratum is a mining protocol optimizing data transfer and security for mining operations.

Team Green refers to Nvidia GPU miners.

Team Red refers to AMD GPU miners.

Terahash per second measures a miner's computational power in trillions of hashes per second.

A token is a digital asset or unit of value issued on a blockchain.

Transaction fees incentivize miners to process and secure blockchain transactions.

A transformer transfers electrical energy between circuits for mining operations.

Tribalistic miners continue mining non-profitable networks for ideological reasons.

Uncle blocks in Ethereum are mined simultaneously but not included in the main chain.

Unconfirmed transactions are pending entries in the mempool awaiting block inclusion.

Waste heat from ASICs can be repurposed for heating or other uses.